1️⃣ Programming Languages

  • Java – Spring Boot, OOP, multithreading, REST APIs
  • Python – Django, Flask, OOP, scripting
  • Node.js – Express.js, asynchronous programming
  • C# – ASP.NET Core, MVC pattern
  • Go / Rust (Optional) – High-performance backend

2️⃣ Version Control & Collaboration

  • Git – Commit, Branch, Merge, Rebase
  • GitHub / GitLab / Bitbucket – Collaboration, Pull Requests
  • CI/CD Basics – GitHub Actions, Jenkins, GitLab CI

3️⃣ Databases

  • Relational Databases (RDBMS) – MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle
  • NoSQL Databases – MongoDB, Redis, Cassandra
  • ORM / Data Modeling – Hibernate (Java), Sequelize (Node.js), SQLAlchemy (Python)
  • Database Concepts – Indexing, Normalization, Joins, Transactions

4️⃣ API Development & Web Services

  • REST APIs – CRUD, JSON, XML, HTTP Methods
  • GraphQL APIs – Queries, Mutations, Apollo Server
  • Authentication & Authorization – JWT, OAuth2, Session Handling
  • API Documentation – Swagger / OpenAPI

5️⃣ Server & Application Architecture

  • MVC Pattern – Model-View-Controller design
  • Microservices Architecture – Service decomposition, communication
  • Monolithic vs Microservices – Pros & Cons
  • Service Communication – REST, gRPC, Messaging queues

6️⃣ Caching & Queues

  • Caching – Redis, Memcached, In-memory caching
  • Message Queues / Broker – RabbitMQ, Kafka, AWS SQS
  • Asynchronous Processing – Event-driven architecture, background jobs

7️⃣ Security & Best Practices

  • Input Validation & Sanitization – Prevent SQL Injection, XSS
  • Authentication & Authorization – OAuth2, JWT, Role-based access
  • HTTPS / SSL – Secure communication
  • Logging & Monitoring – ELK Stack, Prometheus, Grafana

8️⃣ Testing & Debugging

  • Unit Testing – JUnit (Java), PyTest (Python), Mocha (Node.js)
  • Integration Testing – Postman, Newman, REST-assured
  • Debugging Tools – IDE Debugger, Log Analysis

9️⃣ DevOps & Cloud

  • Containerization – Docker
  • Orchestration – Kubernetes basics
  • Cloud Platforms – AWS (EC2, Lambda, RDS), Azure, GCP
  • CI/CD Pipelines – Automated builds, deployments, GitHub Actions / Jenkins

🔟 Advanced Topics

  • Event-driven Architecture – Kafka, RabbitMQ, Pub/Sub
  • Serverless Architecture – AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, Cloud Functions
  • Scalability & Performance – Load Balancing, Horizontal & Vertical Scaling
  • Monitoring & Logging – Prometheus, Grafana, ELK Stack
  • GraphQL Advanced – Caching, Subscriptions, Batching


✅ Learning Path Recommendation

  1. Choose one programming language (Java / Python / Node.js)
  2. Learn Databases & ORM
  3. Build REST APIs → Microservices → GraphQL
  4. Add Security & Caching
  5. Deploy apps using Docker & Cloud
  6. Explore Advanced topics & Projects